Genomic research on the king of fruit (Durio spp.): a systematic literature review

Durian, a tropical fruit in the Malvaceae family, is prized for its nutrient-rich pulp, including carbohydrates, fats, fibers, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and essential fatty acids. Economically, durian has gained global trade prominence, with Thailand, Malaysia, and China leading production and consumption. This systematic literature review focuses on durian genomics, highlighting its impact on breeding through rigorous criteria and analysis phases. The PRISMA method produced 32 eligible papers for further analysis. The durian genomic research can be categorized into seven themes, i.e., genetic identification, genetic diversity, molecular markers development, gene expression, genomic sequencing, genome-wide analysis, and bioinformatics. Genomic research emphasizes genetic diversity and sequencing, employing simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for conservation and breeding assessments. Restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) and PacBio sequencing unravel the complex durian genome, revealing unique gene expansions and evolutionary events such as polyploidization. Phylogenetic analyses within Malvales elucidate durian’s evolutionary history and relationships, with research concentrated in Indonesia and China, reflecting regional significance. These insights inform conservation strategies, refine agricultural practices, and guide breeding efforts by elucidating durian’s genetic diversity and adaptations. Integration of bioinformatics aids in gene synteny comparisons and resistance gene analog identification, advancing understanding of durian genetics and agronomy. These findings underscore genomics’ pivotal role in unraveling durian fruit ripening mechanisms, which is essential for enhancing fruit quality and guiding future breeding strategies. The research gaps of durian genomic research include molecular markers development for fruit quality and analysis of local durian genetic diversity using whole genome sequencing, gene identification, and genome-wide analysis.

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