Cnesmocarpon (gen. nov.), Jagera, and Trigonachras (Sapindaceae—Cupanieae): Phylogeny and systematics

Cladistic analyses of pollen-morphological, leaf-anatomical and macromorphological data of Jagera, Trigonachras, and several new species lead to the conclusion that a new genus, Cnesmocarpon, has to be described (see the Taxonomic Part on p. 195). Two pollen types are described, one including Cnesmocarpon, the other including Jagera and Trigonachras. The morphologies of these pollen types suggest different harmomegathic systems: nonapertural and apertural folding respectively. The ornamentation of Cnesmocarpon pollen resembles that of several other Cupanieae genera. The scabrate ornamentation of Jagera and Trigonachras pollen, often provided with hair-like appendages, is unique in that tribe. Leaf-anatomically Jagera is characterised by the presence of glands with a multicellular head and by the absence of papillae. Cnesmocarpon is characterised by the presence of papillae (one species has glands with a unicellular head). Trigonachras is characterised by the absence of both papillae and glands. Macromorphologically Jagera and Cnesmocarpon share the irritating hairs on the fruit. Jagera and Trigonachras share the character of lower surface of leaflets with ‘naked glands’. The phylogenetic analysis of the complete data set shows Jagera and Trigonachras as more closely related to each other than to Cnesmocarpon.