Numerical changes and evolution in Actinotrichid Mites (Chelicerata)

A survey is given of the evolutionary aspects of numerical changes in Actinotrichid mites. Numerical variations are studied in clones, in populations and in supraspecific taxa. Two particular aspects of the evolutionary changes (ontophylogeny and priority) are also dealt with. The changes are associated here, for the first time, with the regulatory system of the genome and its evolution. A general survey is, moreover, given of the main numerical changes in the Oribatid superfamily Nothroidea. Results are summarized in a general theory, and suggestions are given for continued research.