A new species of Phyllanthus chayamaritiae ( Phyllanthaceae ) from Thailand

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INTRODUCTION
The genus Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) consists of c. 700 species (Radcliffe-Smith 2001), mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics.The family Phyllanthaceae is most notable for being biovulate and it has been segregated from Euphorbiaceae s.l.based on molecular evidence (APG II 2003).The first revision of the Thai species of the genus was the treatment of Airy Shaw for the Euphorbiaceae of Siam (Thailand) (Airy Shaw 1972), who recognised 31 species in Phyllanthus.Later Chantaranothai (2007) published 36 species of the genus in Thailand.

Morphological study
Field collections and herbarium material were studied.The morphological characteristics of the specimens described herein as P. chayamaritiae sp.nov.were compared with those of the similar species, P. amarus Schumach.& Thonn.and P. urinaria L. Voucher specimens are deposited at KKU.Additional materials have been examined and consulted from the following herbaria (abbreviations according to Thiers 2011): AAU, BCU, BK, BKF, C, CMU, K, KKU, L, PSU, QBG, TCD and the Herbarium of the Department of Biology, Chiang Mai Uni versity, Thailand.

Anatomical and SEM studies
Living material of P. amarus, P. chayamaritiae and P. urinaria was fixed and preserved in 70 % ethanol.Stem internodes used were the sixth, seventh and eight from the apex of each specimen.The samples were dehydrated in an ethanol series (70 %, 85 % and 96 %, respectively), embedded in Technovit 7100 polymerizing resin (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Germany), sectioned with rotary microtomes at 6 -8 μm thickness and stained with Ruthenium red and Toluidine blue.The sections were mounted in Entellan mounting medium for examination.
The epidermal study was made by peeling methods; samples were prepared by mechanical scraping with a razor blade; passed through the alcohol series for 10-15 min.in each series and then stained in 1 % safranin O in alcohol.Excess stain was washed off with distilled water.The samples were then dehydrated by alcohol series, cleared with pure xylene and mounted in the DePeX artificial mounting medium.
For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the capsules of three species were fixed in 70 % (v/v) ethanol, dried and then mount ed directly on stubs using double-sided adhesive tape.The stubs were coated with gold-palladium for 5 min in a Sputter Coater Balzers SCD 040.The capsules were observed with a JEOL JSM6390 SEM.Etymology.The name of the species honours Dr Kongkanda Chayamarit, the head of the Euphorbiaceae project for the Flora of Thailand.