FLORA MALESIANA PRECURSOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF MORACEAE 8 : OTHER GENERA THAN

The tribe Artocarpeae is redefined, the tribe Soroceae is established by change of rank, and as a consequence a new tribe Antiaropsidae is established. Moreover, a new species Antiaropsis uniflora C.C. Berg is described. In Artocarpus a new species is described, A. albobrunneus C.C. Berg, one subspecies is raised to the rank of species, A. brevipedunculatus (F.M. Jarrett) C.C. Berg, and new subspecies are described in several species, A. longifolius Becc. subsp. adpressus C.C. Berg, A. teijsmannii Miq. subsp. subglabrus C.C. Berg. In Prainea, P. papuana is reduced to a subspecies, P. limpato (Miq.) K. Heyne subsp. papuana (Becc.) C.C. Berg. In Streblus the sections Pseudomorus (Bureau) Corner and Taxotrophis (Blume) Corner are reinstated, S. urophyllus is reduced to a subspecies, S. glaber (Merr.) Corner subsp. urophyllus (Diels) C.C. Berg, in S. streblus var. australianus is raised to S. glaber subsp. australianus (C.T. White) C.C. Berg, and S. celebensis C.C. Berg is described as a new species.

The tribe comprises two genera, Antiaropsis, confined to New Guinea, with two species, and Sparattosyce, confined to New Caledonia, with one (or two?) species.
In the structure of the inflorescences the tribe shows similarities to the tribe Castilleae from which it clearly differs in the absence of connate tepals, the non-fleshy tepals of pistillate flowers in fruit, the free dehiscent drupes, and the absence of self-pruning branches as part of the architectural model of Cook (Hallé & Oldeman, 1970;Berg, 1977).A molecular study by Datwyler & Weiblen (2004) on relationships in Moraceae suggests that this tribe has affinities to the tribes Castilleae and Ficeae.These tribes share basally attached bracts which character allows formation of involucrate receptacles or concentrations of bracts on the margins of receptacles closing off more or less the interior of the inflorescence and, therewith, may play a role in pollination as by fig wasps or thrips (Sakai, 2001;Zerega et al., 2004).However, involucrate receptacles are also found in Trophis (see Berg, 2001).Antiaropsideae and Castilleae have strictly unisexual inflorescences by which they essentially differ from the Ficeae with (basically) bisexual inflorescences.These inflorescences show in the position and anthesis of the staminate and pistillate flowers still the basically cymose structure of the inflorescence in contrast to those of the other two tribes.
In the pistillate inflorescences of Antiaropsis decipiens, in addition to the structures which are clearly tepals, similar structures, somewhat larger and flat, occur on the receptacle; they could be regarded as interfloral bracts, but they might be 'displaced' tepals.Such 'interfloral bracts' might be present in staminate inflorescences, but they could not be detected in the material available.
Sparattosyce has been linked to Ficus, but Corner (1962) included both Antiaropsis and Sparattosyce in the Castilleae (previously Olmedieae), later, 1978, he made a functional link to the long-styled species of Ficus subsect.Macrostyla (see Berg, 2004).However, the long style of Ficus macrostyla Corner and F. squamosa Roxb. is likely a secondary adaptation to the rheophytic life-form of these species and not a link to an early stage of evolution of the syconium.
The cardenolides α-antiarin and antioside known from Antiaris have also been found in seeds of Antiaropsis (Bisset, 1957: 219); this may indicate affinities of Antiaropsis to the Castilleae.On the other hand, cardenolides are also detected in Streblus asper Lour.(Hegnauer, 1969).Trees or shrubs, dioecious (or monoecious), sometimes with uncinate hairs.Leaves alternate and distichous or opposite (in Bagassa); lamina entire to lobate; tertiary venation scalariform to reticulate; stipules free, lateral or fully amplexicaul.Inflorescences unisexual, axillary (or cauliflorous).Staminate inflorescences racemose to spicate (to subcapitate), bracteate with peltate to basal attached bracts or ebracteate; staminate flowers clearly to weakly defined with 2-4 tepals, free or basally connate; stamens 1-4, straight in the bud, pistillode usually absent.Pistillate inflorescences racemose to spicate to globose capitate or uniflorous with 4 connate tepals, fleshy in fruit; ovary free or fused with the perianth.Fruit an indehiscent drupe or a pseudodrupe (the fruit enclosed by a fleshy perianth), solitary or in globose heads.Seed small and with endosperm or large and without endosperm, embryo straight or curved, cotyledons equal or (very) unequal, flat or thick.
In the structure of the inflorescences, the tribe shows similarities to the tribe Moreae from which it differs in the stamens that are not inflexed before anthesis, the absence of pistillodes, and the frequent reduction of the number of stamens.
The tribe is rather diverse.The most peculiar genus is Poulsenia with prickles unique in the family and with elongate pluricellular trichomes also found in Ficus.Moreover, the stipules are relatively large and fully amplexicaul.
In the cladogram based on molecular analyses by Datwyler & Weiblen (2004) the genera included in the Soroceae are mixed with those of the Moreae, with the exception of Poulsenia which got nested in the Castilleae.

ANTIAROPSIS
Antiaropsis from New guinea was regarded as monotypic by Corner (1962): A. decipiens K. Schum.with a variety parvifolia, being distinct in the smaller lamina and the smaller number of lateral veins.As the type of the variety could not be examined, it is not certain whether it matches the collections used to describe the new species, A. uniflora, which is consistently distinct from lowland material included in A. decipiens in the habit, growing into trees of more than 20 m tall, the small leaves, up to 10 cm long, the lack of bracts on the peduncle of the pistillate inflorescences, the broader and more densely hairy involucral bracts, and the presence of a single flower, features allowing recognition at the species level.Berg, Antiaropside decipienti in laminis parvis 3-10 cm longis, inflorescentia pistillata uniflora, pedunculo sine bracteis differt.-Typus: P. Katik LAE 62270 (holo LAE; iso K, L, according to the label also in A, BISH, BM, BO, BrI, CANB, E, M, NSW, PNH, QrS, SINg, and US), Papua New guinea, Eastern Highlands Prov., Kainantu Subprov., Kassam Pass, 1524 m, 1 Oct. 1975.
Distribution -New guinea.Habitat -Forest; at altitudes between c. 1400 and 3200 m.Notes -1.As the type of Antiaropsis decipiens K. Schum.var.parvifolia Diels (1935), Römer 867, Papua New guinea, 'Hellwig-gebirge', 750 m, Nov. 1909, is not extant, it is not certain whether it belongs to this species or is just a small-leaved specimen of A. decipiens.
2. The contrasting colours (black of the endocarp, white of the exocarp, red of the tepals) found in Antiaropsis decipiens probably also occur in the new species in inflorescences in fruiting state.
Note -This species is unusual among the species of Artocarpus subg.Pseudojaca in the coriaceous lamina that dry greenish.The different colours of part of the infructescence are strange -a way to create contrasting colours to attract dispersers?These remarkable features mean that even a single collection is enough to establish a new species.The shape of the infructescence is sometimes also found in Artocarpus lacucha e.g.,in D.D. Soejarto et al. 7691 (L) from Palawan (Philippines), which could be an indication of the affinities of the new species.
Artocarpus brevipedunculatus (F.M. Jarrett) C.C. Berg, stat. nov.Based on Artocarpus melinoxylus gagnep.subsp.brevipedunculatus F.M. Jarrett (1959c) 144.-Type: G.H.S. Wood SAN A-1733 (holo K n.v.; iso A, L, according to the label also in BO, BrI, KEP, and SINg), Borneo, Sabah, 1/2 mile NE of Beaufort, 6 May 1955.Jarrett (1959c) included Bornean material in Artocarpus melinoxylus gagnep.from Indochina.That material was kept in subsp.brevipedunculatus, but it is morphologically sufficiently distinct and phytogeographically separated to be treated as a species, distinct not only in shorter peduncles and smaller heads of the staminate inflorescence, but also in the cuneate to obtuse base of the lamina, the absence of ramification of the lateral veins and the shorter stipules.

Artocarpus longifolius Becc.
In a comment on this species, Jarrett (1960a) noted subglabrous specimens assuming that they represented (sub)juvenile material.However, two of the specimens examined, with sparsely hairy leafy twigs and laminas, bear staminate or pistillate inflorescences, the former largely similar to those of material with ± densely hairy leafy twigs and lower surface of the lamina, the latter with a much shorter, c. 0.3 cm long peduncle, in ± densely hairy specimens 2-6 cm long.These differences in indumentum (possibly linked to shorter peduncles of the pistillate inflorescences) allow distinction of subspecies, possibly eventually to separate as closely related species with short petioles with exfoliating epidermis and abundant uncinate hairs in common.More material is needed to sort out the status of these two morphological entities which are sympatric and apparently have a similar ecology.
Notes -1.This species is only known from two fertile collections, the type collection and J. Boraule et al. BSIP 9301 (L), Solomon Islands, East Guadalcanal, Makina river, Marau, 9 May 1968.The lectotype of Ficus ralumensis Diels (Berg, 2005a) from the Bismarck Archipelago, consisting of two leaves, almost certainly belongs to this subspecies.
2. The surfaces of vegetative parts bearing short hairs in the typical subspecies are punctate in the type of the new subspecies, but smooth in the collection from the Solomon Islands.
3. The typical subspecies is quite variable with regard to the presence of peltate bracts or cylindrical 'processes' among the flowers and in the stigmas.The single staminate inflorescence known of the new subspecies has peltate interfloral bracts and the pistillate inflorescence of the type has cushion-shaped minutely puberulous apices of the pistillate flowers and peltate interfloral bracts.The collection from the Solomon Islands has pyramidate sparsely puberulous apices of the pistillate flower and few subulate 'processes'.In the type collection the stigmas are bifid and in the collection from the Solomon Islands the stigmas are simple.

PRAINEA
The four species recognised in this genus by Jarrett (1959b) showed two by two such small and largely quantitative differences that P. frutescens Becc. is to be included in P. scandens King and P. papuana Becc.reduced to a subspecies of P. limpato (Miq.)Beumée ex K. Heyne.
The subdivision of the genus Streblus as proposed by Berg (1988)  Notes -1.This species belongs to sect.Streblus as redefined above and shows similarities in particular to the African S. usambarensis (Engl.)C.C. Berg (1977Berg ( , 1988)).It is apparently an element of rain forest undergrowth.The developing fruits are too young to describe with certainty the position of the tepals in the mature state of the fruit.

Streblus glaber (Merr.) Corner
Within Streblus glaber, three subspecies are currently recognised, by reduction of S. urophyllus, to a subspecies and as a consequence raising the rank of var.australianus to that of subspecies.
Habitat -Montane forest, sometimes on limestone or in relatively dry areas; mostly at altitudes between 700 and 2500 m, rarely down to sea level.
Note -In the Philippines, the inflorescences are usually longer (up to 3 cm long) and both staminate and pistillate inflorescences tend to have more flowers, often more than 15 or 3, respectively.